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| 28201 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_of_Courtenay
Alice was born in 1160, the second eldest daughter and one of the ten children of Peter I of Courtenay and Elisabeth of Courtenay, daughter of Renauld de Courtenay and Hawise du Donjon. Her family was one of the most illustrious in France; and her paternal grandparents were King Louis VI of France and Adélaide de Maurienne.
In 1178, she married her first husband, Guillaume I, Count of Joigny. The marriage did not produce any children, and they were divorced in 1186.
Alice married her second husband, Aymer Taillefer in 1186, the same year he succeeded his father, William IV as Count of Angoulême. Sometime in 1188, Alice gave birth to her only child, Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John of England and later Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche. | de Courtenay, Alice/Alix Countess of Angoulême (I35209)
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| 28202 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadeus_II,_Count_of_Savoy
His life is obscure and few documents mention him. During his reign he was overshadowed by his mother. The second son of Otto, Count of Savoy, and Adelaide, Margravine of Turin, Amadeus II was probably born around 1050.
According to the much later Chronicles of Savoy, Amadeus married Joan, daughter of "Girard, Count of Burgundy", who scholars have surmised to have been Count Gerold of Geneva. If she were Genevan, it would explain how the House of Savoy came so early to possess a large portion of the Genevois, which at that time included the the Aosta Valley in Italy and western portions of Switzerland.
He swore an oath on the tomb of Saint Peter in Rome to defend the Church against the Seljuk Turks. Early in 1077 Amadeus, with his mother and brother Peter, then Count of Savoy, hosted his sister Bertha, and his brother-in-law, Bertha's husband, the Emperor Henry IV. Amadeus and Adelaide then escorted the imperial couple to Canossa so the excommunicated emperor could reconcile with the pope.
On 9 August 1078 Peter died and Amadeus succeeded him as Count of Savoy, but in the March of Turin, where Peter had co-ruled with their mother, Amadeus was never margrave [hereditary title of princes of the Holy Roman empire], although the reason for this is unclear.
Amadeus died in Turin on 26 January 1080, according to the death records of the church of Saint Andrew. This date must be at least approximately correct, since Adelaide made a monastic donation for the benefit of the souls of her sons Margrave Peter and Count Amadeus on 8 March.
In the immediate aftermath of Amadeus's death, Adelaide took control of all the Savoyard lands on both sides of the Alps. Eventually Amadeus son,Umberto II, became Count of Savoy. | of Savoy, Amadeus II (I35226)
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| 28203 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasia_de_Montfort
She was eldest daughter of Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola, himself the son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and was an Italian noblewoman and a wealthy heiress. She held the title suo jure Countess of Nola after her father's death in 1291. She also held the titles of Dame de Chailly and Dame de Longjumeau in her own right.
Her father fled England in 1266 after escaping from prison where they had been held following the Battle of Evesham in 1265, where his father and eldest brother, Henry were slain, and he had been captured. Guy eventually arrived in Italy and entered the service of Charles of Anjou who made him Count of Nola and Vicar-general of Tuscany. On 10 August 1270, he married Margherita Aldobrandeschi at Viterbo. Less than a year later, in March 1271, he murdered his cousin Henry of Almain inside San Silvestro church, an act which led to his being excommunicated and stripped of his titles.
He once again took up service with Charles of Anjou and was later captured off the coast of Sicily in 1287 by the Aragonese after the Battle of the Counts. He died in a Sicilian prison in 1291.
Upon his death, Anastasia became the Countess of Nola in her own right. In an effort to retain her lands, Anastasia's mother Margherita Aldobrandeschi married four more times after Guy's death. Her four additional husbands were: Orsello Orsini, Loffredo Caetani, her cousin Guido Aldobrandeschi di Santa Fiora, and Nello de' Pannocchieschi.
Anastasia married Romano Orsini (1268-1327), Senator of Rome and son of Gentile II Orsini, Senator of Rome and Claricia de Ruffo. The marriage had been arranged by Cardinal Napoleon Orsini, who was her mother's guardian. Anastasia, being Margherita's eldest daughter and heiress, eventually brought the rich Aldobrandeschi and Sovana inheritances into the Orsini family.
Together Romano and Anastasia had at least three children:
Roberto Orsini, Count of Nola (1295- 15 January 1345), married Sueva del Balzo, the daughter of Hugues del Balzo, Count of Soleto and Seneschal of Naples, and Jacopa della Marra. Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of Edward IV of England was a descendant of Roberto and Sueva.
Guido Orsini, Count of Pitigliano (died after 1348), married Agostina della Gherardesca, by whom he had children.
Giovanna Orsini, married in 1334 Nicolo Caetani by whom she had children.
Anastasia died on an unknown date, which occurred sometime before her eldest son, Roberto's death on 15 January 1345 as he had succeeded her as Count of Nola. Her husband Romano died in 1327. | de Montfort, Anastasia Countess of Nola (I35244)
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| 28204 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Kiev
Her parents were Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev and Novgorod, and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden, his second wife.
After the death of his first wife, Matilda of Frisia, King Henry of France searched the courts of Europe for a suitable bride, but could not locate a princess who was not related to him within legal degrees of kinship. At last he sent an embassy to distant Kiev, which returned with Anne (also called Agnes).
Anna could ride a horse, was knowledgeable in politics, and actively participated in governing France, especially after her husband died. Many French documents bear her signature, written in old Slavic language.
Anna is often credited with introducing the name "Philip" to royal families of Western Europe, as she bestowed it on her first son; she might have imported this Greek name (Philippos, from philos and hippos, meaning "loves horses") from her Eastern Orthodox culture).
For six years after Henry's death in 1060, she served as regent for Philip, who was only eight at the time. She was the first queen of France to serve as regent. Her co-regent was Count Baldwin V of Flanders. Anne was a literate woman, rare for the time, but there was some opposition to her as regent on the grounds that her mastery of French was less than fluent.
A year after the king's death, Anne, acting as regent, took a passionate fancy for Count Ralph III of Valois, a man whose political ambition encouraged him to repudiate his wife to marry Anne in 1062. Accused of adultery, Ralph's wife appealed to Pope Alexander II, who excommunicated the couple. The young king Philip forgave his mother, which was just as well, since he was to find himself in a very similar predicament in the 1090s. Ralph died in September 1074, at which time Anne returned to the French court. She died in 1075, was buried at Villiers Abbey, La Ferte-Alais, Essonne and her obits were celebrated on 5 September. All subsequent French kings were her progeny. | of Kiev, Anna Agnesa Yaroslavna (I35229)
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| 28205 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_of_Holland
Also known as Berthe or Bertha of Frisia,Bertha was the daughter of Count Floris I of Holland and his wife, Gertrude of Saxony. Her father ruled a territory vaguely described as "Friesland west of the Vlie", which is where Bertha spent her childhood. He was assassinated in 1061, and and two years later her mother remarried Count Robert the Frisian of Flanders.
Her stepfather became involved in a war with King Philip I of France over succession to the County of Flanders. Bertha was given in marriage to King Philip as part of the peace negotiations. At the time, she was the lowest ranking woman to marry a French king.
Bertha was queen consort of the Franks from 1072 until 1092. She did not have a happy marriage. After six years of childlessness, the royal couple had three children, including Philip's successor, Louis VI, the Fat, Constance, Princess of Antioch [married Bohemund I of Antioch] and Henry, but he appears to have died in infancy or childhood.
Philip, however, grew tired of his wife by 1090, and repudiated her in 1092 in order to marry the already married Bertrada of Montfort. That marriage was a scandal since both Philip and Bertrada were already married to other people.
The marriage began breaking apart. The King became tired of his wife but the reasons are unclear. Contemporary chroniclers give different explanations. According to the English historian William of Malmesbury, Philip complained that Bertha was "too fat", though he was himself becoming too obese to ride a horse.
The repudiated queen withdrew to the fortress of Montreuil-sur-Mer, which was part of her dower land where she died in 1093. The son of the queen who had been repudiated ostensibly for her obesity ascended the French throne as Louis VI. He was known as Louis, the Fat. Berta's nephew and King Louis' cousin, Count Floris II of Holland, was also nicknamed "the Fat."
| of Holland, Bertha (I35219)
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| 28206 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangereuse_de_l%27Isle_Bouchard
She was the maternal grandmother of the celebrated Eleanor of Aquitaine. She was also mistress to her granddaughters' paternal grandfather William IX, Duke of Aquitaine.
Born to Bartholomew de l'Isle Bouchard, her baptismal name may have been Amauberge, but she is better known as Dangereuse, a sobriquet she received for her seductiveness;
She married Viscount Aimery I of Châtellerault and had at least three children:
Hugh, succeeded his father as Viscount of Châtellerault
Raoul, who became the lord of Fay-la-Vineuse through his marriage to Elisabeth de Faye
Aenor (c.?1103 ? March 1130), who married William X, Duke of Aquitaine. She was the mother of Duchess Eleanor, Petronilla, and William Aigret, who died at the age of four.
Dangereuse and Aimery were married for around seven years before she left her husband to become the mistress to Duke William IX; this became an infamous liaison.
Whilst travelling through Poitou, Duke William IX of Aquitaine met the "seductive" Dangereuse. This led to her leaving her husband for Duke William, who was excommunicated by the church for "abducting her"; however, she appeared to have been a willing party in the matter. He installed her in the Maubergeonne tower of his castle in Poitiers.
Upon returning to Poitiers from Toulouse, William's wife Philippa of Toulouse was enraged to discover a rival woman living in her palace. She appealed to her friends at court and to the Church; however, no noble could assist her since William was their feudal overlord. The Papal legate Giraud complained to William and told him to return Dangereuse to her husband, William's only response to the bald legate was, "Curls will grow on your pate [head] before I part with the Viscountess." Humiliated, in 1116, Philippa chose to retire to the Abbey of Fontevrault.
Dangereuse and William had three children:
Henri (died after 1132), a monk and later Prior of Cluny
Adelaide
Sybille, Abbess of Saintes
The relationship between William and his legitimate son William was troubled by his father's liaison with Dangereuse. This was only settled when the pair arranged the marriage between William the Younger and Dangereuse's daughter Aenor in 1121; the following year Eleanor of Aquitaine was born.
| de L' Isle Bouchard, Amauberge (Dangereuse) (I35263)
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| 28207 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine
Eleanor was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was renowned in early 12th-century Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Châtellerault, the daughter of Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault. She was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages and a member of the Ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France. She inherited the Duchy of Aquitaine from her father, William X, in 1137, and later became queen of France and of England.
By all accounts, Eleanor's father ensured that she had the best possible education. Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. She did learn domestic skills such as household management and the needle arts of embroidery, needlepoint, sewing, spinning, and weaving.[3] Eleanor ended up developing skills in conversation, dancing, games such as backgammon, checkers, and chess, playing the harp, and singing. Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. Eleanor was extroverted, lively, intelligent, and strong-willed.
Her four-year-old brother William Aigret and their mother died at the castle of Talmont, on Aquitaine's Atlantic coast. Eleanor became the heir presumptive to her father's domains. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France; Poitou (where Eleanor spent most of her childhood) and Aquitaine together were almost one-third the size of modern France.
As Duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe. Three months after she became duchess, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI, the Fat. As Queen of France, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. After the birth of her second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to an annulment given that their union had not produced a son after fifteen years of marriage. Their daughters, Marie and Alix, were declared legitimate and custody was awarded to Louis, while Eleanor's lands were restored to her.
As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, who became King Henry II of England in 1154. Henry was her third cousin, and eleven years younger. They married eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor's first marriage.
Over the next thirteen years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons, three of whom would become kings; and three daughters. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting her son Henry's revolt against her husband. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when Henry died and their son ascended the English throne as Richard I.
Now queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade, where on his return he was captured and held prisoner. Eleanor lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John. By the time of her death, she had outlived all her children except for John and Eleanor.
| of Aquitaine, Eleanor (I35259)
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| 28208 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Leicester
She was the youngest child of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême. At the time of Eleanor's birth at Gloucester, King John's London was in the hands of French forces, John had been forced to sign the Magna Carta and Queen Isabella was in shame. Eleanor never met her father, as he died at Newark Castle when she was barely a year old.
The only lands loyal to her brother, Henry III of England, were in the Midlands and southwest. The barons ruled the north, but they united with the royalists under William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who protected the young king Henry, and the French were defeated.
Before William the Marshal died in 1219 Eleanor was promised to his son, also named William. They were married on 23 April 1224 at New Temple Church in London. The younger William was 34 and Eleanor only nine. He died in London on 6 April 1231, days before their seventh anniversary. There were no children of this marriage.
Eleanor had brought a dowry of 10 manors and 200 pounds per year to this marriage. According to the law of the time, widows were allowed to retain one third of the estates of the marriage. However, her brother-in-law Richard took all of the estates and sold many, including her dowry, to pay William's debts. Eleanor strove for many years to try and recover her lost property.
The widowed Eleanor swore a holy oath of chastity in the presence of Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury. Seven years later, she met Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. According to Matthew Paris, Simon was attracted to Eleanor's beauty and elegance as well as her wealth and high birth. They fell in love and married secretly on 7 January 1238 at the King's chapel in Westminster Palace. Her brother King Henry later alleged that he only allowed the marriage because Simon had seduced Eleanor. The marriage was controversial because of the oath Eleanor had sworn several years before to remain chaste. Because of this, Simon made a pilgrimage to Rome seeking papal approval for their union.
Simon and Eleanor had seven children:
Henry de Montfort (November 1238-1265)
Simon the younger de Montfort (April 1240-1271)
Amaury de Montfort, Canon of York (1242/1243-1300)
Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244-1288)
Joanna, born and died in Bordeaux between 1248 and 1251
Richard de Montfort (1252-1281)
Eleanor de Montfort Princess of Wales (1258-1282)
Simon de Montfort had the real power behind the throne, but when he tried to take the throne, he was defeated and killed with his son at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. Eleanor fled to exile in France where she became a nun at Montargis Abbey, a nunnery founded by her deceased husband's sister Amicia, who remained there as abbess. There she died on 13 April 1275, and was buried there. She was well treated by Henry, retained her incomes, and her proctors were allowed to pursue her litigation concerning the Leicester inheritance in the English courts; her will and testament were executed without hindrance.
Through her son Guy, Eleanor was an ancestor of Elizabeth Woodville, queen of Edward IV.
| of England, Princess Eleanor (I35256)
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| 28209 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floris_I,_Count_of_Holland
Son of Dirk III and Othelindis, he was was Count of Holland, then called Frisia west of the Vlie, from 1049 to 1061. He succeeded his brother Dirk IV, Count of Holland, who was murdered in 1049.
He married ca. 1050 Princess Gertrude of Saxony, daughter of Bernard II, Duke of Saxony and Eilika of Schweinfurt, and had at least three children by her:
Dirk V (c. 1052, Vlaardingen - 17 June 1091).
Bertha (c. 1055-1094, Montreuil-sur-Mer), who married Philip I of France in 1072.
Floris (b. c. 1055), a canon at Liége.
He was involved in a war of a few Lotharingian vassals against the imperial authority. On a retreat from Zaltbommel he was ambushed and killed in battle at Nederhemert (called Hamerth at the time), on 28 June 1061.
After his death, his wife, Gertrude, Robert the Frisian, Count of Flanders,who acted as regent for his stepson, Dirk V, until 1071 when he became Count of Holland. | of Holland, Count Floris I (I35220)
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| 28210 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Baux
He was the son of Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria and Montescaglioso and his second wife, Marguerite d'Aulnay. Francis's father was a Senator of Rome, Captain General of Tuscany, and Justiciar of Naples. The half-royal Baux family was one of the greatest families of the kingdom after the Duke's marriage to Marguerite of Taranto in 1348.
In 1349, Francis was given an extensive grant by Louis, Prince of Taranto. Prince Louis had married Joanna I of Naples in 1346 as her second husband, and had become King of Naples; he was crowned in 1352/53. The King was brother to Francis's second wife, Margaret, whom he had married in 1348. Francis was created Duke of Andria and was the first magnate to be raised to ducal dignity in the kingdom. Andria had been a royal fief which the Duke's father received from Beatrice of Anjou, by virtue of her dower.
On the death of Philip II, Prince of Taranto in 1373, Marguerite and Francis claimed Taranto and Philip's Greek lands (chiefly the Principality of Achaea and its dependent territories) and titles for themselves and their son, James of Baux, as the last male descendant of Philip I, Prince of Taranto. Margaret's claim was supported by Pope Gregory XI. Queen Joanna, however, decided to exercise direct rule over the Prince of Taranto's Greek possessions. In April 1374, Queen Joanna decided to suppress the family and stripped Francis of all his lands and titles. This action led to a civil war between the Queen and the Baux family.
Francis married three times. In 1337, he married firstly to Luisa de San Severino, daughter of Tamasso III de San Severino, Count of Marsico; they had no children.
In 1348, Francis married secondly to Margaret of Taranto, daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto by his second wife, Catherine of Valois, titular Latin Empress of Constantinople. She died about September 1380 in imprisonment. They had two children:
James of Baux, Prince of Achaea and the last titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
Antonia of Baux, queen consort to Frederick III, King of Sicily.
In 1381, Francis married thirdly to Sueva Orsini, by whom he had issue including Margaret of Baux; mother of Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Through Margaret, Francis was a great-grandfather of queen consort Elizabeth Woodville, wife of King Edward IV of England.
| de Baux, Francois Duke of Andria (I35234)
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| 28211 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_of_Saxony
Daughter of Bernard II, Duke of Saxony and Eilika of Schweinfurt. She married Floris I, Count of Holland (c. 1017-June 28, 1061). Upon his death, her son Dirk V became Count of Holland. Since he was still young, she became regent.
In 1063 Gertrude married Robert of Flanders (Robert the Frisian), the second son of Baldwin V of Flanders. She and her husband then acted as co-regents for the young count until he became of age to rule in his own.
She had a total of seven children with Floris I:
Albert (b. c. 1051), a canon in Liege.
Dirk V (c. 1052, Vlaardingen?17 June 1091).
Peter (b. c. 1053), a canon in Liége.
Bertha (c. 1055-1094, Montreuil-sur-Mer), who married Philip I of France in 1072.
Floris (b. c. 1055), a canon in Liége.
Matilda (b. c. 1057)
Adela (b. c. 1061), who married Count Baudouin I of Guînes.
From her second marriage to Robert I she had five children:
Robert II of Flanders (c. 1065-October 5, 1111).
Adela (d. 1115), who first married king Canute IV of Denmark, and was the mother of Charles the Good, later count of Flanders. She then married Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia.
Gertrude, who married Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine, and was the mother of Thierry of Alsace, also later count of Flanders.
Philip of Loo, whose illegitimate son William of Ypres was also a claimant to the county of Flanders.
Ogiva, abbess of Messines.
| of Saxony, Gertrude (I35221)
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| 28212 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisela_of_Burgundy,_Marchioness_of_Montferrat
Daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy, she was the wife of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and later of Rainier I of Montferrat.
With Humbert II of Savoy her children included:
Amadeus III of Savoy
William, Bishop of Liège
Adelaide of Maurienne (d. 1154), wife of King Louis VI of France
Agnes, (d. 1127), wife of Arcimboldo VI, lord of Bourbon
Humbert
Reginald
Guy, Abbot of Namur
------------
GenealogieOnline. Coret Genealogie. http://www.genealogieonline.nl/en
Name: Gisela Burgundy
Gender: f (Female)
Birth Date: 1075
Death Date: 1133
Death Age: 58
Father: William I Burgundy
Mother: Stephanie Nn
Spouse: Humbert II Savoy
Renier I Montferrat
Children: Adelaide Maurienne
Agnes Maurienne
William V Montferrat
Amadeus Savoy | of Burgundy, Gisela Marchioness of Montferrat (I35223)
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| 28213 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Montfort,_Count_of_Nola
The son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England, daughter of King John of England and Isabele de Angoulême, he participated in the Battle of Evesham against the royalist forces of his uncle, King Henry III of England, and his cousin, Prince Edward. Both his father and elder brother were traumatically killed during the disastrous battle, Guy de Montfort was extremely wounded and captured.
He was held at Windsor Castle until spring 1266, when he bribed his captors and escaped to France to rejoin his exiled family. Guy and his brother, Simon the younger, wandered across Europe for several years, eventually making their way to Italy.
Guy took service with Charles of Anjou, serving as his Vicar-General in Tuscany. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Tagliacozzo and was given Nola and the title of Count by Charles of Anjou.
Guy murdered his cousin Henry of Almain while he clutched the altar at the church of San Silvestro in Viterbo, begging for mercy. "You had no mercy for my father and brothers," was Guy's reply. This murder was carried out in the presence of the Cardinals (who were conducting a papal Election), of King Philip III of France, and of King Charles of Sicily. For this crime the Montfort brothers were excommunicated, and Dante banished Guy to the river of boiling blood in the seventh circle of his Inferno (Canto XII).
Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldi and Cardinal Giovanni Orsini were still in Rome and had been ordered to find a secure place of imprisonment in the territories of the Church for Guy de Montfort. Guy was stripped of his titles and took service with Charles of Anjou again, but was captured off the coast of Sicily in 1287 by the Aragonese at the Battle of the Counts. He died in a Sicilian prison.
In Tuscany, he married an Italian noblewoman, Margherita Aldobrandesca, the Lady of Sovana, heiress of a branch of the Aldobrandeschi family, whose lands stretched from the shores of the Tyrrhenian sea to the borders of Acquapendente. With her he had two daughters: Anastasia, who married Romano Orsini, and Tomasina, who married Pietro di Vico.
Among his direct descendants through his daughter, Anastasia are late 15th century Kings of Naples, England's Queen-Consort Elizabeth Woodville, 16th century rulers of Poland, Dukes of Ferrera, and Dukes of Guise. | de Montfort, Guy (I35253)
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| 28214 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Montfort,_Count_of_Nola#Family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldobrandeschi_family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasia_de_Montfort
She was an heiress of a branch of the Aldobrandeschi family, with a feudal contado, nominally subject to Orvieto, that stretched from the shores of the Tyrrhenian sea to the borders of Acquapendente.
The Aldobrandeschi were an Italian noble family from southern Tuscany. In 1274, their lands were divided between the County of Santa Fiora and the County of Sovana, which thenceforth were ruled by different branches of the family. After the extinction of the Aldobrandeschi of Sovana, the county was assigned to the Orsini.
Upon death of Guy de Montford, his daughter, Anastasia, became the Countess of Nola in her owen right. In an effort to retain her lands, Margherita married four more times after Guy's death. Her four additional husbands were: Orsello Orsini, Loffredo Caetani, her cousin Guido Aldobrandeschi di Santa Fiora, and Nello de' Pannocchieschi.
Among her direct descendants (via her elder daughter, Anastasia): late 15th century Kings of Naples, England's Queen-Consort Elizabeth Woodville, 16th century rulers of Poland, Dukes of Ferrera, and Dukes of Guise. | Aldobrandeschi, Margherita Countess of Sovana and Pitigliano (I35254)
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| 28215 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled.
He ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England (1154?89) and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.
Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his royal grandfather, Henry I. During the early years of the younger Henry's reign he restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine.
Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170.
Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire, often at Louis' expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached. By 1172, he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France, an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.
Henry and Eleanor had eight children. Henry's relationship with his wife Eleanor was complex: Henry trusted Eleanor to manage England for several years after 1154, and was later content for her to govern Aquitaine; indeed, Eleanor was believed to have influence over Henry during much of their marriage. Ultimately, however, their relationship disintegrated and chroniclers and historians have speculated on what ultimately caused Eleanor to abandon Henry to support her older sons in the Great Revolt of 1173-74. Probable explanations include Henry's persistent interference in Aquitaine, his recognition of Raymond of Toulouse in 1173, or his harsh temper. Henry had several long-term mistresses, including Annabel de Balliol and Rosamund Clifford
As the children grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Flanders and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by his vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills.
Henry had eight legitimate children by Eleanor, five sons: William, the Young Henry, Richard, Geoffrey and John, and three daughters: Matilda, Eleanor and Joan. Henry also had several illegitimate children; among the most prominent of these were Geoffrey (later Archbishop of York) and William (later Earl of Salisbury). Henry was expected to provide for the future of his legitimate children, either through granting lands to his sons or marrying his daughters well. Henry's family was divided by rivalries and violent hostilities, more so than many other royal families of the day. Various suggestions have been put forward to explain Henry's family's bitter disputes, from their inherited family genetics to the failure of Henry and Eleanor's parenting.
Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry would make John king, and a final rebellion broke out in 1189. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon in Anjou, where he died.
Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his youngest son John. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems.
| Plantagenet, Henry II King of England (I35258)
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| 28216 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_France
The son of King Robert II (972?1031) and Constance of Arles (986?1034), he was crowned King of France at the Cathedral in Reims on 14 May 1027. In the tradition of the House of Capet, his father still lived, but he had little influence and power until he became sole ruler on his father's death.
The reign of Henry I, like those of his predecessors, was marked by territorial struggles. In an early strategic move, Henry came to the rescue of his very young nephew-in-law, the newly appointed Duke William of Normandy (who would go on to become William the Conqueror), to suppress a revolt by William's vassals. In 1051, William married Matilda, the daughter of the count of Flanders, which Henry saw as a threat to his throne. In 1054, and again in 1057, Henry invaded Normandy, but on both occasions he was defeated. Henry I's twenty-nine-year reign saw feudal power in France reach its pinnacle.
Henry married Matilda of Frisia, but she died in 1044, following a Caesarean section. He then married Anne of Kiev on 19 May 1051. They had four children:
Philip I (23 May 1052-30 July 1108).
Emma (1054-1109?).
Robert (c. 1055-c. 1060).
Hugh "the Great" of Vermandois (1057-1102).
King Henry I died on 4 August 1060 in Vitry-en-Brie, France, and was interred in Basilica of St Denis. He was succeeded by his son, Philip I of France, who was 7 at the time of his death; for six years Henry's queen Anne of Kiev ruled as regent.
| of France, Henry I (I35228)
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| 28217 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan
He married Isabel of Angoulême, the widow of King John of England, and became the Count of Angoulême. He and his wife founded the abbey of Valence in France. | de Lusignan, Hugh, Seigneur X, Count of La Marche and Angoulême (I35206)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humbert_II,_Count_of_Savoy
Nicknamed the Fat, he was he son of Amadeus II of Savoy.
The County and later Duchy of Savoy was a territory is shared between the modern countries of France, Italy, and Switzerland. The House of Savoy became the longest surviving royal house in Europe. It ruled the County of Savoy from 1003 to 1416 and then the Duchy of Savoy from 1416 to 1860.
He was married to Gisela of Burgundy, daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy, and had 7 children:
Amadeus III of Savoy
William, Bishop of Liège
Adelaide, (d. 1154), married to Louis VI of France
Agnes, (d. 1127), married to Archimbald VI, lord of Bourbon
Umberto
Reginald
Guy, abbey of Namur
| of Savoy, Umberto II the Fat (I35222)
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| 28219 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme
Isabel was the second wife of King John of England and at the time of their marriage, the blonde and blue-eyed 12-year-old was already renowned by some for her beauty. Her mother-in-law, Eleanor of Aquitaine readily accepted her as John's wife.
Isabella was much younger than her husband and possessed a volatile temper similar to his own. King John was infatuated with his young, beautiful wife; however, his acquisition of her had as much, if not more, to do with spiting his enemies, than romantic love. She was already engaged to Hugh de Lusignan,IX Count of La Marche when she was taken by John.
She had five children by the king, including his heir, later Henry III. He was quickly followed by another son, Richard, and three daughters, Joan, Isabel, and Eleanor. All five children survived into adulthood, and would make illustrious marriages; all but Joan would produce offspring of their own.
When King John died in October 1216, Isabella's first act was to arrange the speedy coronation of her nine-year-old son at the city of Gloucester on 28 October.
Less than a year after his crowning as King Henry III of England, she left him in the care of his regent, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and returned to France to assume control of her inheritance of Angoulême.
In the spring of 1220, she married Hugh X of Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Luisignan, Count of La Marche, the son of her former fiancé, Hugh IX, to whom she had been betrothed before her marriage to King John. Isabella had nine more children by Hugh X. Their eldest son Hugh XI of Lusignan succeeded his father as Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême in 1249.
Isabella could not reconcile herself with her less prominent position in France. Though Queen mother of England, Isabella was now mostly regarded as a mere Countess of La Marche and had to give precedence to other women. In 1241, when Isabella and Hugh were summoned to the French court to swear fealty to King Louis IX of France's brother, Alphonse, who had been invested as Count of Poitou, their mother, the Queen Dowager Blanche openly snubbed her.
This so infuriated Isabella, who had a deep-seated hatred of Blanche for having fervently supported the French invasion of England during the First Barons' War in May 1216, that she began to actively conspire against King Louis. She encouraged her son Henry in his invasion of Normandy in 1230, but then did not provide him the support she had promised.
In 1244, Hugh had made peace with King Louis, two royal cooks were arrested for attempting to poison the King; upon questioning they confessed to having been in Isabella's pay. None of this can be confirmed, but before Isabella could be taken into custody, she fled to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died on 4 June 1246.
By her own prior arrangement, she was first buried in the Abbey's churchyard, as an act of repentance for her many misdeeds. On a visit to Fontevraud, her son King Henry III of England was shocked to find her buried outside the Abbey and ordered her immediately moved inside. She was finally placed beside Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Afterwards, most of her many Lusignan children, having few prospects in France, set sail for England and the court of Henry, their half-brother.
| d'Angoulême, Isabel Countess of Angoulême (I35207)
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| 28220 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg
She was the eldest daughter of Peter I of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, Conversano and Brienne and his wife Margaret of Baux (Margherita del Balzo of Andria). Jacquetta's paternal great-grandmother, Mahaut of Châtillon, was descended from Beatrice of England, daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. Jacquetta's mother, Margherita del Balzo, was a daughter of Francesco del Balzo, 1st Duke of Andria, and Sueva Orsini. Sueva descended from Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England, the youngest child of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême.
The Luxembourgs claimed to be descended from the water deity Melusine through their ancestor Siegfried of Luxembourg (AD 922-998). Jacquetta was a fourth cousin twice removed of Sigismund of Luxembourg, the reigning Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia and Hungary.
At age 17, Jacquetta married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. The Duke was the third son of King Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun, and thus the grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, himself the third son of Edward III. The marriage was childless.
As was customary at the time, after her second marriage Jacquetta retained the title of her first husband and was always known as the Duchess of Bedford, this being a higher title than that of countess. Jacquetta inherited one-third of the Duke's main estates as her widow's share.
Sir Richard Woodville, son of Sir Richard Wydevill, who had served as the late Duke's chamberlain, was commissioned by Henry VI of England to bring Bedford's young widow to England. During the journey, the couple fell in love and married in secret (before 23 March 1437), without seeking the king's permission. Jacquetta had been granted dower lands following her first husband's death on condition that she did not remarry without a royal licence. On learning of the marriage, Henry VI refused to see them, but was mollified by the payment of a fine of £1000. The marriage was long and very fruitful: Jacquetta and Richard had fourteen children, including the future Queen Consort Elizabeth Woodville.
By the mid-1440s, the Woodvilles were in a powerful position. Jacquetta was related to both King Henry and Queen Margaret by marriage. Her sister, Isabelle de Saint Pol, married Margaret's uncle Charles du Maine while Jacquetta was the widow of Henry VI's uncle. She outranked all ladies at court with the exception of the queen. As a personal favourite, she also enjoyed special privileges and influence at court. Margaret influenced Henry to create Richard Woodville Baron Rivers in 1448, and he was a prominent partisan of the House of Lancaster as the Wars of the Roses began.
The Yorkists crushed the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, and Edward IV, the first king from the House of York, took the throne. The husband of Jacquetta's oldest daughter Elizabeth (Sir John Grey) had been killed a month before at the Second Battle of St. Albans, a Lancastrian victory under the command of Margaret of Anjou. At Towton, however, the tables turned in favour of the Yorkists.
Edward IV met and soon married the widowed Elizabeth Woodville in secret; though the date is not accepted as exactly accurate, it is traditionally said to have taken place (with only Jacquetta and two ladies in attendance) at the Woodvile family home in Northamptonshire. The marriage, once revealed, ruined the plans of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, Edward's cousin, who had been negotiating a much-needed alliance with France via a political marriage for Edward.
With Elizabeth now Queen of England, the Woodvilles rose to great prominence and power. Jacquetta's husband Richard was created Earl Rivers and appointed Lord High Treasurer in March 1466. Jacquetta found rich and influential spouses for her children and helped her grandchildren achieve high posts.
The rise of the Woodvilles created widespread hostility among the Yorkists, including Warwick and the king's brothers George and Richard, who were being displaced in the king's favour by the former Lancastrians.
In 1469, Warwick openly broke with Edward IV and temporarily deposed him. Earl Rivers and his son John were captured and executed by Warwick on 12 August at Kenilworth.
Shortly after her husband's execution by Warwick, Thomas Wake, a follower of Warwick?s, accused Jacquetta of witchcraft. The case fell apart when Warwick released Edward IV from custody, and Jacquetta was cleared by the king?s great council of the charges.
Richard III revived the allegations of witchcraft against Jacquetta when he claimed that she and Elizabeth had procured Elizabeth's marriage to Edward IV through witchcraft; however, Richard never offered any proof to support his assertions. Jacquetta had much sorrow during this time including the execution of her son, Anthony, the 2nd. Earl Rivers, and her two grandsons, Edward V and Richard, the Two Princes in the Tower, presumably murdered by their uncle, Richard II.
Jacquetta survived her husband by three years and died in 1472, at about 56 years of age. Through her daughter Elizabeth, Jacquetta was the maternal grandmother of Elizabeth of York, wife and queen of Henry VII, and therefore an ancestor of all subsequent English monarchs.
| of Luxembourg, Jacquetta (I35231)
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| 28221 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Geneva
If she were Genevan, it would explain how the House of Savoy came so early to possess a large portion of the Genevois, which at that time included the the Aosta Valley in Italy and western portions of Switzerland. | of Geneva, Joan (I35227)
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| 28222 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
John, the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was at first not expected to inherit significant lands. Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174, however, John became Henry's favorite child. He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. John's elder brothers William, Henry and Geoffrey died young; by the time Richard I became king in 1189, John was a potential heir to the throne. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade.
Despite this, after Richard died in 1199, John was proclaimed King of England, and came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognize John's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200.
He was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216. John lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.
When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. John spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. John's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.
Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarized the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.
John's personal life greatly affected his reign. Contemporary chroniclers state that John was sinfully lustful and lacking in piety. It was common for kings and nobles of the period to keep mistresses, but chroniclers complained that John's mistresses were married noblewomen, which was considered unacceptable. John had at least five children with mistresses during his first marriage to Isabelle of Gloucester, and two of those mistresses are known to have been noblewomen.
John's behaviour after his second marriage to Isabella of Angoulême is less clear, however. None of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried, and there is no actual documentary proof of adultery after that point, although John certainly had female friends amongst the court throughout the period. The specific accusations made against John during the baronial revolts are now generally considered to have been invented for the purposes of justifying the revolt; nonetheless, most of John's contemporaries seem to have held a poor opinion of his sexual behavior.
The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young ? her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards twelve years old at the time of her marriage. Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a "mad infatuation" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children.
In the aftermath of John's death William Marshal was declared the protector of the nine-year-old Henry III. The civil war continued until royalist victories at the battles of Lincoln and Dover in 1217. Louis of France gave up his claim to the English throne and signed the Treaty of Lambeth. The failed Magna Carta agreement was resuscitated by Marshal's administration and reissued in an edited form in 1217 as a basis for future government. Henry III continued his attempts to reclaim Normandy and Anjou until 1259, but John's continental losses and the consequent growth of Capetian power in the 13th century proved to mark a "turning point in European history".
John's second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, left England for Angoulême soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. They had five legitimate children:
His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century.
Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire.
Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort.
Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.[232]
His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort.
John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons ? Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip ? and three daughters ? Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales.
Historical interpretations of John have been subject to considerable change over the years. Medieval chroniclers provided the first contemporary, or near contemporary, histories of John's reign. These historians were generally unsympathetic to John's behavior under Richard's rule, but slightly more positive towards the very earliest years of John's reign. Reliable accounts of the middle and later parts of John's reign are more limited.
In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John. Tudor historians were generally favorably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king. Revisionist histories portrayed John as an early Protestant hero.
By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality, blaming his These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself. family background and his cruel personality for his downfall.
In the 1940s, new interpretations of John's reign began to emerge, based on research into the record evidence of his reign, such as pipe rolls, charters, court documents and similar primary records. Interpretations of Magna Carta and the role of the rebel barons in 1215 have been significantly revised: although the charter's symbolic, constitutional value for later generations is unquestionable, in the context of John's reign most historians now consider it a failed peace agreement between "partisan" factions.
Most historians today argue that John was an unsuccessful monarch, but note that his failings were exaggerated by 12th- and 13th-century chroniclers. The current consensus that John was a hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general", albeit, with distasteful, even dangerous personality traits, including pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. | Plantagenet, John I King of England (I35257)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Warenne,_6th_Earl_of_Surrey
He was a prominent English nobleman and military commander during the reigns of Henry III of England and Edward I of England. During the Second Barons' War he switched sides twice, ending up in support of the king, for whose capture he was present at Lewes in 1264. Warenne was later appointed a Guardian of Scotland and featured prominently in Edward I's wars in Scotland.
During the conflicts between Henry III and his barons, Warenne started as a strong supporter of the king, switched to support for Simon de Montfort, and then returned to the royalist party.
On 22 August 1296, the king appointed him "warden of the kingdom and land of Scotland". However Warenne returned to England a few months later claiming that the Scottish climate was bad for his health. The following spring saw the rebellion of William Wallace, Warenne was ordered to lead his army North by the King after initially refusing to return to Scotland. He was defeated by Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge and fled to York. Nevertheless the king appointed Warenne captain of the next campaign against the Scots in early 1298. He raised the siege of Roxburgh and re-took the town of Berwick. The king himself took the field later that year, and Warenne was one of the commanders during the decisive English victory at Falkirk. | de Warrene, John 6th Earl of Surrey (I35204)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France
He was the son of of Philip I and his first wife, Bertha of Holland. Louis married Lucienne de Rochefort, a French crown princess, in 1104, but repudiated her three years later. They had no children.
Louis married Adelaide of Maurienne, daughter of Humbert II of Savoy and Gisela of Burgundy, and niece of Pope Callixtus II. They had eight children. Adelaide was one of the most politically active of all France's medieval queens. Her name appears on 45 royal charters from the reign of Louis VI. During her tenure as queen, royal charters were dated with both her regnal year and that of the king.
Louis was the first member of the House of Capet to make a lasting contribution to the centralizing institutions of royal power. He spent almost all of his twenty-nine-year reign fighting either the "robber barons" who plagued Paris or the Norman kings of England for their continental possession of Normandy. Nonetheless, Louis VI managed to reinforce his power considerably and became one of the first strong kings of France since the division of the Carolingian Empire in 843.
When Louis ascended the throne the Kingdom of France was a collection of feudal principalities. Beyond the Isle de France the French Kings had little authority over the great Dukes and Counts of the realm but slowly Louis began to change this and assert Capetian rights. This process would take two centuries to complete but began in the reign of Louis VI.
The second great challenge facing Louis was to counter the rising power of the Anglo-Normans under their capable new King, Henry I of England. Louis was involved with a coalition of Norman and French seigneurs opposed to Henry. The plan was to drive the English King from Normandy and replace him.
Louis was a warrior king but by his forties his weight had become so great that it was increasingly difficult for him to lead in the field.
As Louis VI approached his end there seemed reasons for optimism. He made great strides in exercising his royal authority over his barons. William X, Duke of Aquitaine, on his deathbed, had appointed Louis VI guardian of his fifteen-year-old daughter and heiress, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor was suddenly the most eligible heiress in Europe and Louis wasted no time in marrying her to his own heir, the future Louis VII. At a stroke Louis had added one of the most powerful Duchies in France to the Capetian domains.
Henry I of England was dead and Stephen of Blois had seized the English Crown, reneging on the oath he had sworn to support Empress Matilda. So England was in turmoil. That was not to last as Matilda married Geoffrey of Anjoy [ Plantagenet] and fought to regain the throne for her son, Henry II. Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine and added to the hostilities between France and England for Louis descendants.
Source:
GenealogieOnline. Coret Genealogie. http://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/
Name: Louis VI France
Gender: m (Male)
Birth Date: 1 dec 1081
Birth Place: Paris, France
Death Date: 1 aug 1137
Death Place: Béthisy-Saint-Pierre, France
Death Age: 55
Father: Philip I France
Mother: Bertha Holland
Spouse: Adelaide Maurienne
Children: Louis VII France
Robert I Dreux
Peter Courtenay
Constance France
| France, King Louis VI (I35217)
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| 28225 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Baux
Margaret was born in 1394, the daughter of Francis of Baux by his third wife Sveva Orsini, a descendant of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England (daughter of King John of England).
Her paternal grandparents were Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria and Squillace, and Marguerite d'Aulnay, and her maternal grandparents were Nicola Orsini, Count of Nola, Senator of Rome (27 August 1331-14 February 1399), and Jeanne de Sabran.
Margaret married Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, and of Conversano (1390 ? 31 August 1433), the eldest son of John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir and Marguerite of Enghien, Countess of Brienne and of Conversano, Heiress of Enghien. Peter inherited his mother's fiefs, which included the counties of Brienne and Conversano. He succeeded his aunt Jeanne of Luxembourg, Countess of Saint-Pol and Ligny, as Count of Saint-Pol.
Peter and Margaret had nine children including:
Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, de Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano, Constable of France (1418-19 December 1475), married firstly, in 1435, Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons (1415-14 May 1462), by whom he had issue, and from whom descended King Henry IV of France and Mary, Queen of Scots. He married secondly, Marie of Savoy (20 March 1448-1475), by whom he had further issue. He was beheaded in Paris in 1475 for treason against King Louis XI.
Jacquetta of Luxembourg (1415/1416-30 May 1472), married firstly in 1433, John, Duke of Bedford, and secondly, in secret, c.1436, Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, by whom she had at least 13 children, including Elizabeth Woodville, queen consort of King Edward IV of England. Every English monarch after King Henry VII of England descends from Jacquetta's granddaughter, Elizabeth of York, queen consort of England.
Margaret died on 15 November 1469 at the age of 75 and was buried in Cercamp Abbey, Frévent, Pas-de-Calais. Her husband Peter had died of plague in 1433. | de Baux, Marguerite/Margaret Countess of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, and of Conversano (I35233)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Baux
Margaret's maternal grandparents were Nicola Orsini, Count of Nola, Senator of Rome (27 August 1331-14 February 1399), and Jeanne de Sabran.
| de Sabran, Jeanne (I35237)
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| 28227 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Baux
Margaret's paternal grandparents were Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria and Squillace, and Marguerite d'Aulnay, | de Baux, Bertrand III Count of Andria and Squillace (I35241)
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| 28228 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Baux
Margaret's paternal grandparents were Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria and Squillace, and Marguerite d'Aulnay, | d'Aulnay, Marguerite (I35242)
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| 28229 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
Gentile II (1250-1318), was two times Senator of Rome, podestà of Viterbo and, from 1314, Gran Giustiziere ("Great Justicer") of the Kingdom of Naples. He married Clarice Ruffo, daughter of the counts of Catanzaro, forming an alliance of the most powerful Calabrian dynasty. | Ruffo, Clarice/Clarissa (I35246)
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| 28230 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
Gentile II (1250?1318), was two times Senator of Rome, podestà of Viterbo and, from 1314, Gran Giustiziere ("Great Justicer") of the Kingdom of Naples. He married Clarice Ruffo, daughter of the counts of Catanzaro, forming an alliance of the most powerful Calabrian dynasty. | Orsini, Gentile II Great Justicer of the Kingdom of Naples (I35245)
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| 28231 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
Giovanni Gaetano (died 1280) elected pope as Nicholas III, he named the nephew Bertoldo [Orsini] (died 1289) as Count of Romagna and had two nephews and a brother created cardinals.
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romagna
Romagna is an Italian historical region. The region's major cities include Cesena, Faenza, Forlì, Imola, Ravenna, Rimini and City of San Marino. The area was divided among a series of regional lords. | Orsini, Berthold/Bertoldo Count of Romagna (I35247)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
Roberto (1295-1345) married Sibilla del Balzo, daughter of the Great Senechal of the Kingdom of Naples. | del Balzo, de Baux, Sibilla (I35239)
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| 28233 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
The Orsini family is an Italian noble family; it was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and renaissance Rome.
Romano (1268-1327), called Romanello, was Royal Vicar of Rome in 1326, and inherited the countship of Soana through his marriage with Anastasia de Montfort, Countess of Nola.
Roberto (1295-1345), married Sibilla del Balzo, daughter of the Great Senechal of the Kingdom of Naples. Among his sons, Giacomo (died 13 August 1379; Dean of Salisbury, Archdeacon of Leicester and Archdeacon of Durham) was created cardinal by Gregory XI in 1371, while Nicola (August 27, 1331-February 14, 1399) obtained the counties of Ariano and Celano. The latter was also Senator of Rome and enlarged the family territories in Lazio and Tuscany. | Orsini, Roberto (I35238)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
The Orsini family is an Italian noble family; it was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and renaissance Rome.
Romano (1268-1327), called Romanello, was Royal Vicar of Rome in 1326, and inherited the countship of Soana [Sovana] through his marriage with Anastasia de Montfort, Countess of Nola. Sovana is a small town in southern Tuscany, Italy.
| Orsini, Romano (Romanello) Royal Vicar of Rome, Count of Soana (I35243)
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| 28235 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsini_family
The Orsini family is an Italian noble family; it was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and renaissance Rome.
Romano Orsini (1268-1327), called Romanello, was Royal Vicar of Rome in 1326, and inherited the countship of Soana through his marriage with Anastasia de Montfort, Countess of Nola. Her line goes back to Simon de Montfort and Eleanor, of England, the daughter of King John and Isabel de Angoulême.
Romano's son Roberto (1295-1345), married Sibilla del Balzo, daughter of the Great Senechal of the Kingdom of Naples. Among his sons, Giacomo (died 13 August 1379; Dean of Salisbury, Archdeacon of Leicester and Archdeacon of Durham) was created cardinal by Gregory XI in 1371, while Nicola (August 27, 1331-February 14, 1399) obtained the counties of Ariano and Celano. The latter was also Senator of Rome from 27 August 1331 to 14 February 1399 and enlarged the family territories in Lazio and Tuscany.
As to his title as Count of Nola, it was held by Guy de Montfort, son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England, the daughter of King John and Isabel de Angoulême as the County of Nola and was inherited by his eldest daughter's Orsini husband and then held by members of their family. Nola is an ancient Campanian town, on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines near Naples.
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Baux
Margaret's maternal grandparents were Nicola Orsini, Count of Nola, Senator of Rome (27 August 1331-14 February 1399), and Jeanne de Sabran.
| Orsini, Nicola Count of Nola (I35236)
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| 28236 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_of_Courtenay
He was the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second wife, Adélaide de Maurienne. In about 1150, he married Elizabeth de Courtenay (1127-September 1205),[1] the daughter of Renaud de Courtenay and Hawise du Donjon, thus starting the Capetian line of the House of Courtenay.
Pierre being the son of the king had important connections, a brother who was king, two brothers who were archbishops, one in Paris and one in Reims, his brother the Count de Dreux, and his sister Constance, the Countess of Boulogne. He died in Acre, Palestine, presumably as a Crusader.
Pierre and Elizabeth had ten children:
Phillip (1153-before 1186)
Peter, Latin Emperor of Constantinople (c. 1155 to 1218
Unnamed daughter (c. 1156)
Alice (died 12 February 1218), married Count Aymer of Angoulême
Eustachia (1162-1235), married firstly William of Brienne, son of Erard II of Brienne and of Agnès of Montfaucon, secondly William of Champlitte
Clémence (1164)
Robert, Seigneur of Champignelles (1166-1239), married in 1217 Mathilde of Mehun (d. 1240). Their eldest son was Peter of Courtenay, Lord of Conches.
William, Seigneur of Tanlay (1168-before 1248)
Isabella (1169-after 1194)
Constance (after 1170-1231)
| of France, Pierre/Peter de Courtenay (I35210)
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| 28237 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_of_Luxembourg
Peter was the John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir, and mother, Marguerite of Enghien. They had co-reigned as Count and Countess of Brienne from 1394 to her death in 1397.
He succeeded his father and his aunt Jeanne of Luxembourg, Countess of Saint-Pol and Ligny, as Count of Saint-Pol in 1430.
Peter married Margaret de Baux (a descendant of the Baron of Lisarea Gilbert d'Escors, daughter of Francesco del Balzo's third wife Sueva Orsini, a relation of Clarice Orsini (wife of Lorenzo de' Medici). Peter and Margaret had nine children including:
Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, de Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano, Constable of France (1418-19 December 1475), married firstly, in 1435, Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons (1415-14 May 1462), by whom he had issue, and from whom descended King Henry IV of France and Mary, Queen of Scots. He married secondly, Marie of Savoy (20 March 1448-1475), by whom he had further issue. He was beheaded in Paris in 1475 for treason against King Louis XI.
Jacquetta of Luxembourg (1415/1416-30 May 1472), married firstly in 1433, John, Duke of Bedford, and secondly, in secret, c.1436, Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, by whom she had sixteen children, including Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of King Edward IV of England. Every English monarch after 1509 descended from her.
The Black Death had hit Luxembourg, France, England and Spain in the 1340s when it caused the deaths of millions of people; and it continued to re-appear at intervals over the succeeding centuries. Peter was among its victims. He died at Rambures on 31 August 1433, aged 43 years, and was buried in the abbey at Cercamp, near Frévent. His wife died 36 years later.
| de Luxembourg-Saint Pol, Pierre/Peter I (I35232)
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| 28238 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_France
Unusual at the time for Western Europe, his name was of Greek origin, being bestowed upon him by his mother. Although he was crowned king at the age of seven, until age fourteen (1066) his mother acted as regent, the first queen of France ever to do so.
The was called the Amorous because of his marital difficulties.
Philip first married Bertha of Holland in 1072. Although the marriage produced the necessary heir, Philip fell in love with Bertrade de Montfort, the wife of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou. He repudiated Bertha (claiming she was too fat) and married Bertrade on 15 May 1092. He was excommunicated by Pope Urban II. Several times the ban was lifted as Philip promised to part with Bertrade, but he always returned to her, but in 1104 Philip made a public penance and must have kept his involvement with Bertrade discreet.
A great part of his reign, like his father's, was spent putting down revolts by his power-hungry vassals. In 1077, he made peace with William the Conqueror, who gave up attempting the conquest of Brittany.
| of the Franks, Philip I the Amorous (I35218)
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| 28239 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_de_Courtenay
Alternatively given as Hawise de Curci (d.1219) heiress of the feudal barony of Okehampton in Devon | du Donjon, Helvis (Elizabeth) (I35213)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_de_Courtenay
He was a French nobleman of the House of Courtenay who came over to England and founded of the English Courtenay family which became Earls of Devon in 1335, which title is still held today by his direct male descendant.
He was the son of Miles (Milo) de Courtenay, Seigneur
of Courtenay, in the Kingdom of France, today in the Loiret department in north-central France, by his wife Ermengard de Nevers.
He succeeded his father as Seigneur of Courtenay. He fought in the Second Crusade, with King Louis VII of France. He quarrelled with King Louis VII, who seized Renaud's French possessions and gave them along with Renaud's daughter Elizabeth to his youngest brother, Pierre (Peter) of France, who thenceforth became known as Peter I of Courtenay (died 1183). In 1172 he accompanied King Henry II in the Irish Expedition to County Wexford.
Renaud married twice:
(1) Helvis (Elizabeth) du Donjon, daughter of Frederick du Donjon and Corbeil, sister of Guy du Donjon (alternatively given as Hawise de Curci (d.1219) heiress of the feudal barony of Okehampton in Devon.
(2) Maud FitzEdith, daughter of Robert FitzEdith, Lord Okehampton (d.1172) (illegitimate son of Henry I, King of England by Edith FitzForne).
By his first marriage he had a daughter Elizabeth who was given in marriage by the French King Louis VII (d.1180) to his youngest brother Peter of France, who thenceforth became known as Peter I of Courtenay.
He also had a son, Robert de Courtenay, who was the great-grandfather of Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d.1340).
| de Courtenay, Renaud/Reginald Seigneur of Courtenay (I35212)
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| 28241 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers
He was the son of Sir Richard Wydeville (Woodville), chamberlain to the Duke of Bedford, and Joan Bittlesgate (or Bedlisgate), the daughter of Thomas Bittlesgate of Knighteston, Devon.
He was a captain in 1429, served in France in 1433 and was a knight of the regent Duke of Bedford in 1435. He was at Gerberoy in 1435 and served under William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, in 1435?6. He then fought under Somerset and Shrewsbury in 1439 and the Duke of York in 1441?2, when he was made captain of Alençon and knight banneret. He was created Baron Rivers by Henry VI on 9 May 1448. Two years later, as Sir Richard, he was invested as a Knight of the Garter in 1450.
Following the duke's death, the younger Richard married the widowed duchess, Jacquetta of Luxembourg (1416?1472). This was initially a secret marriage, for which the couple were fined when it came to public notice. It was a socially unequal marriage that had briefly scandalized the English court. They had at least 13 children.
Their daughter, Elizabeth married Edward IV. It was a cause célèbre of the day, thanks to Elizabeth's great beauty and lack of great estates. They too were married in secret, which lead to severe problems for the country.
The marriage to the King, greatly enriched the family, but their advancement incurred the hostility of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker', and his various alliances with the most senior figures in the increasingly divided royal family.
Edward V died at a young age, leaving the throne to Edward V, who was a child.
After the Yorkist defeat at the Battle of Edgecote Moor on 26 July 1469, Rivers and his second son John were taken prisoners at Chepstow. Following a hasty show trial, they were beheaded at Kenilworth on 12 August 1469.
| WOODVILLE, Richard Earl of Rivers (I35230)
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester
Montfort was a younger son of Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, a French nobleman and crusader, and Alix de Montmorency. His paternal grandmother was Amicia de Beaumont, the senior co-heiress to the Earldom of Leicester and a large estate owned by her brother Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester, in England.
As a boy, Montfort accompanied his parents during his father's campaigns against the Cathars. He was with his mother at the Siege of Toulouse in 1218, where his father died after being struck on the head by a stone pitched by a mangonel. As a young man, Montfort probably took part in the Albigensian Crusades of the early 1220s.
Simon arrived in England in 1229, with some education but no knowledge of English, and received a sympathetic hearing from King Henry, who was well-disposed towards foreigners speaking French, then the language of the English court. Montfort successfully petitioned for the English inheritance, which he received the next year, although he did not take full possession for several years, and did not win formal recognition as Earl of Leicester until February 1239.
Simon tried to get Joan, Countess of Flanders to marry him. The idea of an alliance between the rich County of Flanders and a close associate of Henry III of England did not sit well with the French crown.
In January 1238, Montfort married Eleanor of England, daughter of King John and Isabella of Angoulême and sister of King Henry III. While this marriage took place with the King's approval, the act itself was performed secretly and without consulting the great barons, as a marriage of such importance warranted. Eleanor had previously been married to William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and she swore a vow of perpetual chastity upon his death.
Eleanor broke this vow by marrying Montfort. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Rich, condemned the marriage for this reason. The English nobles protested the marriage of the King's sister to a foreigner of modest rank. Most notably, the King's and Eleanor's brother Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, rose up in revolt when he learned of the marriage. King Henry eventually bought off Richard with 6,000 marks and peace was restored.
Relations between King Henry and Montfort were cordial at first. Henry lent him his support when Montfort embarked for Rome in March 1238 to seek papal approval for his marriage. When Simon and Eleanor's first son was born in November 1238 (despite rumors, more than nine months after the wedding), he was baptized Henry in honor of his royal uncle.
There was a falling out between the brothers-in-law. Simon owed a great sum of money to Thomas II of Savoy, uncle of Queen Eleanor, and named King Henry as security for his repayment. The King evidently had not approved this, and was enraged when he discovered that Montfort had used his name. On 9 August 1239, Henry is reported to have confronted Montfort, called him an excommunicant and threatened to imprison him in the Tower of London. "You seduced my sister", King Henry said, "and when I discovered this, I gave her to you, against my will, to avoid scandal." Simon and Eleanor fled to France to escape Henry's wrath.
Having announced his intention to go on crusade two years before, Simon raised funds and traveled to the Holy Land during the Barons' Crusade, but does not seem to have faced combat there.
Like his father, Simon was a soldier as well as a capable administrator. He retired to France in 1252. The nobles of France offered him the Regency of the kingdom, vacated by the death of Queen Blanche of Castile. The earl preferred to make his peace with Henry III, which he did in 1253. Their reconciliation was a hollow one. In the Parliament of 1254, Simon led the opposition in resisting a royal demand for a subsidy. Montfort left the country.
He returned to England in 1263, at the invitation of the barons who were now convinced of the King's hostility to all reform and raised a rebellion. Montfort agreed to allow Louis IX of France to arbitrate their dispute. Simon was prevented from presenting his case to Louis directly on account of a broken leg.
Civil war broke out almost immediately, with the royalists again able to confine the reformist army in London. In early May 1264, Simon marched out to give battle to the King and scored a spectacular triumph at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264, capturing the King, Lord Edward, and Richard of Cornwall, Henry's brother and the titular King of Germany. Montfort used his victory to set up a government based on the provisions first established at Oxford in 1258. Henry retained the title and authority of King, but all decisions and approval now rested with his council, led by Montfort and subject to consultation with parliament.
Resentful of Simon's fame and growing power, the Welsh Marcher Lords who were friends and allies of Prince Edward, along with Gilbert de Clare, the Earl of Gloucester joined forces and attacked Montfort at Evesham.
On 4 August 1265 Montfort led his army in a desperate uphill charge against superior forces. His son Henry was killed. A twelve-man squad of Prince Edward's men stalked the battlefield independent of Edward's main army, their sole aim being to find the earl and cut him down. Montfort was hemmed in, and Roger Mortimer killed him by stabbing him in the neck with a lance. His body was mutilated in an unparalleled frenzy by the royalists. News reached the mayor and sheriffs of London that "the head of the earl of Leicester ... was severed from his body, and his testicles cut off and hung on either side of his nose" His hands and feet were also cut off and sent to diverse places to enemies of his as a great mark of dishonor to the deceased.
Such remains as could be found were buried under the altar of Evesham Abbey by the canons. It was visited as holy ground by many commoners until King Henry caught wind of it. He declared that Montfort deserved no spot on holy ground and had his remains reburied under an insignificant tree.
In the years that followed his death, Simon de Montfort's grave was frequently visited by pilgrims. Today, Montfort is mostly remembered as one of the fathers of representative government.
Simon de Montfort and Eleanor of Leicester had seven children, many of whom were notable in their own right:
Henry de Montfort (November 1238-1265)
Simon the Younger de Montfort (April 1240-1271)
Amaury de Montfort, Canon of York (1242/1243-1300)
Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244-1288). Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of Edward IV of England, was one of Guy's descendants through his daughter, Anastasia de Montfort, Countess of Nola.
Joanna de Montfort (born and died in Bordeaux between 1248 and 1251).
Richard de Montfort (d.1266). Date of death is not certain.
Eleanor de Montfort (1252-1282). She married Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, honouring an agreement that had been made between Earl Simon and Llywelyn. Eleanor, Lady of Wales, died on 19 June 1282 at the royal Welsh home at Abergwyngregyn, on the north coast of Gwynedd, giving birth to a daughter, Gwenllian of Wales. After Llywelyn's death on 11 December 1282, Gwenllian was captured by King Edward I and spent the rest of her life in a convent.
Simon de Montfort shared various levels of blood lines and "by-marriage" connections with both English and French royal lineages. For instance, his ancestor Simon I de Montfort was father of Bertrade de Montfort who herself was a paternal great-grandmother of King Henry II. He was also descended from William the Conqueror through one of the numerous progeny of Henry I.
| de Montfort, Simon V 6th Earl of Leicester (I35255)
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| 28243 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicovaro
Vicovaro is a municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 28 miles northeast of Rome. In the 13th century it was a fief of the Orsini.
Palazzo Cenci Bolognetti is a former residence of the Orsini. It includes parts of a castle with cylindrical towers, remains of the keep and an entrance with a Gothic marble arch from the 14th century. | Orsini, Mattheus I Lord of Vicovaro (I35250)
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| 28244 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I,_Count_of_Burgundy
The County [Comté] of Burgundy was a medieval county (from 982 to 1678) within the traditional province and modern French region Franche-Comté, in the eastern part of France, bordering Switzerland. It should not be confused with the more westerly Duchy of Burgundy. The capital is Besançon.
Called the Great (le Grand or Tête Hardie, "the Stubborn"), William was Count of Burgundy from 1057 to 1087 and Mâcon from 1078 to 1087. He was a son of Renaud I and Alice of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy.
William married a woman named Stephanie and was the father of several notable children, including Pope Callixtus II.
Renaud II, William's successor, died on First Crusade
Stephen I, successor to Renaud II, Stephen died on the Crusade of 1101
Raymond of Burgundy who married Urraca of León and Castile and thus was given the government of Galicia (Spain) (died 1107)
Sybilla (or Maud), married (1080) Eudes I of Burgundy
Gisela of Burgundy, married (1090) Humbert II of Savoy and then Renier I of Montferrat
Clementia married Robert II, Count of Flanders and was Regent, during his absence. She married secondly Godfrey I, Count of Leuven and was possibly the mother of Joscelin of Louvain.
Guy of Vienne, elected pope, in 1119 at the Abbey of Cluny, as Calixtus II
William
Eudes
Hugh III (fr), Archbishop of Besançon[2]
Stephanie married Lambert, Prince de Royans (died 1119)
Ermentrude, married (1065) Theodoric I
| Count of Burgundy, William I the Great (I35224)
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| 28245 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse
She was the daughter of Robert, Count of Mortain and a niece of William of Normandy. She who gave him two legitimate sons; neither, however, survived infancy, leaving daughter their Philippa as his heiress. | of Mortain, Emma (I35266)
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| 28246 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine
Called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou, William was the son of William VIII of Aquitaine by his third wife, Hildegarde of Burgundy. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101. Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour, a lyric poet in the Provençal language whose work survived.
William inherited the duchy at the age of fifteen upon the death of his father. In 1094, William married Philippa, the daughter and heiress of William IV of Toulouse. By Philippa, William had two sons and five daughters, including his eventual successor, William X. His second son, Raymond, eventually became the Prince of Antioch in the Holy Land, and his daughter Agnes married firstly Aimery V of Thouars and then Ramiro II of Aragon, reestablishing dynastic ties with that ruling house.
Pope Urban II urged him to "take the cross" (i.e. the First Crusade) and leave for the Holy Land, but William was more interested in exploiting the absence on Crusade of Raymond IV of Toulouse, his wife's uncle, to press her claim to Toulouse. He and Philippa did capture Toulouse in 1098, an act for which they were threatened with excommunication. Partly out of a desire to regain favor with the religious authorities and partly out of a wish to see the world, William joined the Crusade of 1101, an expedition inspired by the success of the First Crusade in 1099. To finance it, he had to mortgage Toulouse back to Bertrand, the son of Raymond IV.
William arrived in the Holy Land in 1101 and stayed there until the following year. His record as a military leader is not very impressive. He fought mostly skirmishes in Anatolia and was frequently defeated. His recklessness led to his being ambushed on several occasions, with great losses to his own forces. In September 1101, his entire army was destroyed by the Seljuk Turks at Heraclea; William himself barely escaped, and, according to Orderic Vitalis, he reached Antioch with only six surviving companions.
William, like his father and many magnates of the time, had a rocky relationship with the Church. He was excommunicated for "abducting" the Viscountess Dangerose (Dangerosa), the wife of his vassal Aimery I de Rochefoucauld, Viscount of Châtellerault. The lady, however, appears to have been a willing party in the matter. He installed her in the Maubergeonne tower of his castle in Poitiers.
Upon returning to Poitiers from Toulouse, Philippa was enraged to discover a rival woman living in her palace. She appealed to her friends at court and to the Church; however, no noble could assist her since William was their feudal overlord, and whilst the Papal legate Giraud (who was bald) complained to William and told him to return Dangerose to her husband, William's only response was, "Curls will grow on your pate [head] before I part with the Viscountess." Humiliated, Philippa chose in 1116 to retire to the Abbey of Fontevrault and did not survive there long, however: the abbey records state that she died on 28 November 1118.
Relations between the Duke and his elder son William also became strained. Father and son improved their relationship after the marriage of the younger William to Aenor of Châtellerault, Dangerose's daughter by her husband, in 1121.
William's greatest legacy to history was not as a warrior but as a troubadour, a lyric poet employing the Romance vernacular language called Provençal or Occitan. His work is the earliest surviving troubadour poems and songs.
An anonymous 13th-century vida of William remembers him thus:
"The Count of Poitiers was one of the most courtly men in the world and one of the greatest deceivers of women. He was a fine knight at arms, liberal in his womanizing, and a fine composer and singer of songs. He traveled much through the world, seducing women."
He died on 11 February 1127, aged 56, after suffering a short illness.
| Duke of Aquitaine, William IX (I35264)
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| 28247 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_VIII,_Duke_of_Aquitaine
Born Guy-Geoffrey, he was duke of Gascony, then duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitiers. He was the youngest son of William V of Aquitaine by his third wife Agnes of Burgundy.
William VIII was one of the leaders of the allied army called to help Ramiro I of Aragon in the Siege of Barbastro (1064). This expedition was the first campaign organized by the papacy, namely Pope Alexander II, against a Muslim city, and the precursor of the later Crusades movement. Aragon and its allies conquered the city, killed its inhabitants and collected an important booty.
However, Aragon lost the city again in the following years. During William VIII's rule, the alliance with the southern kingdoms of modern Spain was a political priority as shown by the marriage of all his daughters to Iberian kings.
He married three times and had at least five children. After he divorced his second wife due to infertility, he remarried to a much younger woman who was also his cousin. This marriage produced a son, but William VIII had to visit Rome in the early 1070s to persuade the pope to recognize his children from his third marriage as legitimate.
First wife: Garsende of Périgord, daughter of Count Aldabert II of Périgord (divorced November 1058), no children. She became a nun at Saintes.
Second wife: Matoeda (divorced May 1068), one daughter
Agnes (1052?1078), married Alfonso VI of Castile
Third wife: Hildegarde of Burgundy (daughter of duke Robert I of Burgundy)
Agnes (died 1097), married Peter I of Aragon
William IX of Aquitaine, his heir
| Duke of Aquitaine, William VIII (I35268)
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| 28248 |
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_X,_Duke_of_Aquitaine
Called the Saint, he was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137. He was the son of William IX by his second wife, Philippa of Toulouse.
William was born in Toulouse during the brief period when his parents ruled the capital. His birth is recorded in the Chronicle of Saint-Maixent for the year 1099: Willelmo comiti natus est filius, equivoce Guillelmus vocatus ("a son was born to Count William, named William like himself"). Later that same year, much to Philippa's ire, Duke William IX mortgaged Toulouse to Philippa's cousin, Bertrand of Toulouse, and then left on Crusade.
Philippa and her infant son William X were left in Poitiers. When Duke William IX returned from his unsuccessful crusade, he took up with Dangerose, the wife of a vassal, and set aside his rightful wife, Philippa. This caused strain between father and son, until 1121 when William X married Aenor de Châtellerault, a daughter of his father's mistress Dangerose by her first husband, Aimery.
William had three children with Aenor:
Eleanor, who later became heiress to the Duchy;
Petronilla, who married Raoul I of Vermandois;
William Aigret, who died at age 4 in 1130, about the time their mother Aenor de Châtellerault died.
William administered his Aquitaine duchy as both a lover of the arts and a warrior. He became involved in conflicts with Normandy (which he raided in 1136, in alliance with Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou who claimed it in his wife's name) and for France.
Even inside his borders, William faced an alliance of the Lusignans and the Parthenays against him, an issue resolved with total destruction of the enemies.
In 1137 William joined the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, but died during the trip.[1] On his deathbed, he expressed his wish to see king Louis VI of France as protector of his fifteen-year-old daughter Eleanor, and to find her a suitable husband. Louis VI naturally accepted this guardianship and married the heiress of Aquitaine to his own son, Louis VII.
| of Aquitaine, William X (I35260)
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| 28249 |
Source:
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/west-europese-adel/I21811.php
Name: Gentil I Orsini Heer van Pitigliano [Lord of]
Gender: m (Male)
Birth Date: 1200
Death Date: 1245
Death Age: 45
Father: Mattheus I Orsini Heer van Vicovaro [Lord of Vicovaro]
Mother: Gemma van Monticelli [of Monticelli]
Spouse: Constance de Kardinaal
Children:
Elisabeth Orsini
Berthold Orsini Graaf van Romagna [Count of Romagna]
Orso Orsini Heer van Mugnano [Lord of Mugnano]
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Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitigliano
Pitigliano is a town in the province of Grosseto, located about 50 south-east of the city of Grosseto, in Italy in Tuscany. For several hundred years Pitigliano was a frontier town between the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and, to the south, the Papal States.
The Orsini Palace is the seat of the county, which was built on an old Franciscan monastery. A water tank located in the courtyard of the Palazzo Orsini. It is characterized by fine bas-relief decorations depicting the lineage of the Counts of Pitigliano.
| Lord of Pitigliano, Gentile I (I35248)
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| 28250 |
Source:
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/west-europese-adel/I21812.php
Name: Constance de Kardinaal [de Cardinale]
Gender: f (Female)
Father: Bonaventura de Kardinaal
Spouse: Gentil I Orsini Heer van Pitigliano [Lord of Pitigliano]
Children:
Elisabeth Orsini
Berthold Orsini Graaf van Romagna [Count of Romagna]
Orso Orsini Heer van Mugnano [Lord of Mugnano] | de Cardinale, Constance (I35249)
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