| |
|
|
|
|
 1243 - 1295 (52 years)
-
| Name |
Gilbert (The Red) de la Clare |
| Suffix |
7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester |
| Born |
02 Sep 1243 |
Christchurch, Hampshire, England  |
| Gender |
Male |
| Died |
07 Dec 1295 |
Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales |
| Buried |
Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England |
|
|
| Notes |
- Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_7th_Earl_of_Gloucester
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 3rd Lord of Glamorgan, 9th Lord of Clare was a powerful English noble. Also known as "Red" Gilbert de Clare or "The red earl", probably because of his hair colour or fiery temper in battle. He held the Lordship of Glamorgan which was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships as well as over 200 English manors.
Gilbert de Clare was born at Christchurch, Hampshire, the son of Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, and of Maud de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, daughter of John de Lacy and Margaret de Quincy. Gilbert inherited his father's estates in 1262. He took on the titles, including Lord of Glamorgan, from 1263. Being under age at his father's death, he was made a ward of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford.
He supported Simon de Montfort in the Battle of Lewes against King Henry. However he changed sides as he fell out with de Montfort, and shared the Prince Edward's victory at Kenilworth on 16 July, and in the Battle of Evesham in which de Montfort was slain. As a reward for supporting Prince Edward, Gilbert was given the castle and title of Abergavenny and honor and castle of Brecknock. At the death of Henry III, 16 November 1272, the Earl took the lead in swearing fealty to Edward I, who was then in Sicily on his return from the Crusade.
During Edward's invasion of Wales in 1282, de Clare insisted on leading an attack into southern Wales. King Edward made de Clare the commander of the southern army invading Wales. However, de Clare's army faced disaster after being heavily defeated at the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr. Following this defeat, de Clare was relieved of his position as the southern commander and was replaced by William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke
In the next year, 1291, he quarreled with the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, grandson of his onetime guardian, about the Lordship of Brecknock, where de Bohun accused de Clare of building a castle on his land culminated in a private war between them. Although it was a given right for Marcher Lords to wage private war the King tested this right in this case, first calling them before a court of their Marcher peers, then realizing the outcome would be colored by their likely avoidance of prejudicing one of their greatest rights they were both called before the superior court, the Kings own. At this both were imprisoned by the King, both sentenced to having their lands forfeit for life and de Clare, the Earl of Gloucester, as the aggressor, was fined 10,000 marks, and the Earl of Hereford 1,000 marks.They were released almost immediately and both of their lands completely restored to them - however they had both been taught a very public lesson and their prestige diminished and the King's authority shown for all.
Gilbert's first marriage was to Alice de Lusignan, also known as Alice de Valence, the daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan and of the family that succeeded the Marshal family to the title of the Earl of Pembroke in the person of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke. They married in 1253, when Gilbert was ten years old. She was of high birth, being a niece of King Henry, but the marriage floundered.
After his marriage to Alice de Lusignan was annulled in 1285, Gilbert married Joan of Acre, a daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife Eleanor of Castile. King Edward sought to bind de Clare, and his assets, more closely to the Crown by this means. By the provisions of the marriage contract, their joint possessions and de Clare's extensive lands could only be inherited by a direct descendant, i.e. close to the Crown, and if the marriage proved childless, the lands would pass to any children Joan may have by further marriage.
King Edward then gave large estates to Gilbert, including one in Malvern. Disputed hunting rights on these led to several armed conflicts with Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, that Edward resolved. Gilbert made gifts to the Priory, and also had a "great conflict" about hunting rights and a ditch that he dug, with Thomas de Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, that was settled by costly litigation.
Gilbert had a similar conflict with Godfrey Giffard, Bishop and Administrator of Worcester Cathedral (and formerly Chancellor of England. Godfrey, who had granted land to the Priory, had jurisdictional disputes about Malvern Priory, resolved by Robert Burnell, the then Chancellor.
Thereafter, Gilbert and Joan are said to have taken the Cross and set out for the Holy Land. In September, he signed the Barons' letter to the Pope, and on 2 November, surrendered to the King his claim to the advowson of the Bishopric of Llandaff.
Gilbert and Joan had one son: also Gilbert, and three daughters: Eleanor, Margaret and Elizabeth.
1. Gilbert, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester (1291-1314) succeeded to his father's titles and was killed at the Battle of Bannockburn.
2. Eleanor de Clare (1292-1337) married Hugh Despenser the Younger, favorite of her uncle Edward II. Hugh was executed in 1326, and Eleanor married secondly William de la Zouche.
3. Margaret de Clare (1293-1342) married firstly Piers Gaveston (executed in 1312) and then Hugh de Audley.
4. The youngest sister Elizabeth de Clare (1295-1360) married John de Burgh in 1308 at Waltham Abbey, then Theobald of Verdun in 1316, and finally Roger d'Amory in 1317. Each marriage was brief, produced one child (a son by the 1st, daughters by the 2nd and 3rd), and left Elizabeth a widow.
He died at Monmouth Castle on 7 December 1295, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey, on the left side of his grandfather Gilbert de Clare. His extensive lands were enjoyed by his surviving wife Joan of Acre until her death in 1307.
|
| Person ID |
I36054 |
Master File |
| Last Modified |
16 Sep 2016 |
| Father |
Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester, 2nd Lord of Glamorgan, 8th Lord of Clare, b. 04 Aug 1222, Clare Castle, Clare, Suffolk, England , d. 14 Jul 1262, Waltham, Kent, England (Age 39 years) |
| Mother |
Maude de Lacy, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester, b. 25 Jan 1223, Lincoln Lincolnshire, England , d. 10 Mar 1289, Lincoln Lincolnshire, England (Age 66 years) |
| Family ID |
F14893 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
|
|
|
Appalachian Aristocracy © 2010-2020 Cheryl T. Duke ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 